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	<title>Team Kenan at the Kenan Institute for Ethics &#187; Frozen Model Rights</title>
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		<title>Frozen Beauty</title>
		<link>http://kenan.ethics.duke.edu/teamkenan/frozen-beauty/</link>
		<comments>http://kenan.ethics.duke.edu/teamkenan/frozen-beauty/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Feb 2013 21:49:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Grace</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[The Devil's Dilemma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Frozen Model Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guilty Pleasures]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Professional Ethics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Questionable Beauty Standards]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kenan.ethics.duke.edu/teamkenan/?p=3178</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I am not the resident expert on sexy, sex, sex, but recently, I stumbled upon a Sports Illustrated cover that caught my eye: In an effort to be innovative (because the bikinis couldn’t get any skimpier), SI decided to tour all 7 continents for its swimsuit edition. The model on the cover, Kate Upton, had <a href='http://kenan.ethics.duke.edu/teamkenan/frozen-beauty/' class='excerpt-more'>More...</a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2013_swimsuit/models/kate-upton/index.html"><img src="http://kenan.ethics.duke.edu/teamkenan/files/2013/02/GraceDDFrozenBeauty.png" alt="" title="GraceDDFrozenBeauty" width="400" height="533" class="alignright size-full wp-image-3183" /></a><strong id="internal-source-marker_0.2147900878917426">I am not the resident expert on <a href="http://kenan.ethics.duke.edu/teamkenan/l-for-lingerie/">sexy, sex, sex,</a> but recently, I stumbled upon a <em>Sports Illustrated</em> cover that caught my eye:</p>
<p>In an effort to be innovative (because the bikinis couldn’t get any skimpier), <em>SI</em> decided to tour all 7 continents for its swimsuit edition. The model on the cover, Kate Upton, had the pleasure of shooting  in Antarctica.</p>
<p>Yes, Antarctica.</p>
<p>For those of us who have ever braved the cold in clubbing attire, we understand the sheer agony of this feat, and we don 40% more coverage (at least I would hope).</p>
<p>Kate Upton modeled outside, in temperatures around -18 degrees Fahrenheit  for 6 days.  <a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2013/02/15/kate_upton_s_sports_illustrated_swimsuit_cover_the_costs_of_filming_naked.html">According to Upton,</a> as she stood naked on set, she “literally couldn’t move, and the editors had to pick up [her] legs and put [her] into the next outfit.” After Upton’s grueling shoot, she suffered bouts of blindness and deafness, symptoms of hypothermia.</p>
<p>Despite this horrible ordeal, <em>SI</em> remains smug and Upton thankful for her opportunity. In the industry, when a model harms herself on set, she is accountable for taking the job. So instead of filing a lawsuit, Upton is thanking her lucky stars that she has recovered and her frozen beauty has launched her career to meteoric heights.</p>
<p>But, is this fair?  Did Upton freely choose to compromise her health in order  to appear on the cover of <em>SI</em>?</p>
<p>Given the cut-throat nature of the modeling industry, both models and employers understand a fundamental truth: there is little demand for bettering models’ working conditions.  If Kate Upton refused <em>SI</em>’s offer, there would have easily been 10, if not 100 girls who would have jumped at the offer. Models are dispensable. Career-defining opportunities are not.</p>
<p>This psychology has long-fueled the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/06/business/06thin.html">industry’s battle with body image and eating disorders</a>.</p>
<p>In 2006, Brazilian supermodel Ana Carolina died from <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2007/jan/14/fashion.features4">“complications from anorexia”</a> after being told two years earlier that she needed to lose weight.</p>
<p>In 2007, supermodel sisters Eliana and Luisel Ramos died within weeks of each other from “malnutrition and starvation.” <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-436277/Catwalk-girl-18-dies-months-model-sister-starved-death.html">Their agency</a> blamed this on an “obvious” genetic disorder.</p>
<p>In 2010, French model and actress, Isabelle Caro, passed away. Her shocking and emaciated body was shown as <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/29/isabelle-caro-dead-anorexic-model_n_802424.html">a campaign</a> against anorexia.</p>
<p>At some point, we have to ask ourselves, how much is too much?  How edgy is too edgy?  How thin is too thin?  Recently, fashion houses in Spain and Italy imposed a BMI limit on models to discourage anorexia. This is certainly a step in the right direction, but it is not the end-all-be-all. We need more productive discussion on  fashion, image, culture, and working conditions for models.</p>
<p>Bethany asked in <a href="/teamkenan/a-fans-moral-imperative-is-watching-football-ethical/">an earlier post</a> whether we have an ethical obligation to stop watching football. I ask, do you feel the moral obligation to stop subscribing to <em>SI</em>? To stop patronizing fashion brands which project an unhealthy body image?</p>
<p>I wonder, what ethical responsibilities to models have? Recently, some fashion models have banded together to form <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/feb/13/ugly-truth-fashion-model-behavior">the Model Alliance</a> and drafted a models&#8217; bill of rights. Should new superstars like Kate Upton leverage their influence to lend solidarity to young models?</p>
<p>Given National Eating Disorder Awareness week at Duke, it is time to examine our collective supply and demand that fuels the industry.</p>
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